The Speech of (The Marquis of) Ch'in. (Book of Chou, XXX. Modern and Ancient Scripts).
Introduction by James Legge: The state of Ch'in, at the time to which this speech belongs, was one of the most powerful in the kingdom, and already giving promise of what it would grow to. Ultimately, one of its princes overthrew the dynasty of Chou, and brought feudal China to an end.
"Ch'in and Chin were engaged together in B.C. 631 in besieging the capital of Cheng, and threatened to extinguish that state. The marquis of Ch'in, however, was suddenly induced to withdraw his troops, leaving three of his officers in friendly relations with the court of Cheng, and under engagement to defend the state from aggression. These men played the part of spies in the interest of Ch'in, and in B.C. 629, one of them, called Chi-tse, sent word that he was in charge of one of the gates, and if an army were sent to surprise the capital, Cheng might be added to the territories of Ch'in. The marquis known in history as duke Mu laid the matter before his counsellors. The most experienced of them Pai-li Hsi and Chien-shu were against taking advantage of the proposed treacher; but the marquis listened rather to the promptings of ambition; and the next year he sent a large force, under his three ablest commanders, hoping to find Cheng unprepared for any resistance. The attempt, hwoever, failed; and the army, on it sway back to Ch'in, was attacked by the forces of Chin, and sustained a terrible defeat. It was nearly annihilated, and the three commanders were taken prisoners.
"The marquis of Chin was intending to put these captives to death, but finally sent them to Ch'in, that duke Mu might himself sacrifice them to his anger for their want of success. Mu, however, did no such thing. He went from his capital to meet the disgraced generals, and comforted them, saying that the blame of their defeat was due to himself, who had refused to listen to the advice of his wise counsellors. Then also, it is said, he made the speech here preserved for the benefit of all his ministers, describing the good and the bad minister, and the different issues of listening to them, and deploring how he had himself foolishly rejected the advice of his aged counsellors, and followed that of new men; ‹ a thing which he would never do again."
(Book of Chou, XXX.)
The duke said, "Ah! my officers, listen to me without noise. I solemnly announce to you the most important of all sayings, (It is this which) the ancients have said, "Thus it is with all people, ‹ they mostly love their ease. In reproving others there is no difficulty, but to receive reproof, and allow it to have free course, ‹ this is difficult." The sorrow of my heart is, that the days and months have passed away, and it is not likely they will come again (so that I might pursue a different course).
'There were my old counsellors. ‹ I said, "They will not accommodate themselves to me," and I hated them. There were my new counsellors, and I would for the time give my confidence to them. So indeed it was with me; but hereafter I will take advice from the men of yellow hair, and then I shall be free from error. That good old officer! ‹ his strength is exhausted, but I would rather have him (as my counselor). That dashing brave officer! ‹ his shooting and charioteering are faultless, but I would rather not wish to have him. As to men of quibbles, skillful at cunning words, and able to make the good man change his purposes, what have I to tdo to make much use of them?
'I have deeply thought and concluded. ‹ Let me have but one resolute minister, plain and sincere, without other ability, but having a straightforward mind, and possessed of generosity, regarding the talents of others as if he himself possessed them; and when he finds accomplished and sage men, loving them in his heart more than his mouth expresses, really showing himself able to bear them: ‹ such a minister would be able to preserve my descendants and people, and would indeed be a giver of benefits.
'But if (the minister), when he finds men of ability, be jealous and hates them; if, when he finds accomplished and sage men, he oppose them and does not allow their advancement, showing himself really not able to bear them: ‹ such a man will not be able to protect my descendants and people; and will he not be a dangerous man?
'The decline and fall of a state may arise from one man. The glory and tranquillity of a state may also arise from the goodness of one man.'
Introduction by James Legge: The state of Ch'in, at the time to which this speech belongs, was one of the most powerful in the kingdom, and already giving promise of what it would grow to. Ultimately, one of its princes overthrew the dynasty of Chou, and brought feudal China to an end.
"Ch'in and Chin were engaged together in B.C. 631 in besieging the capital of Cheng, and threatened to extinguish that state. The marquis of Ch'in, however, was suddenly induced to withdraw his troops, leaving three of his officers in friendly relations with the court of Cheng, and under engagement to defend the state from aggression. These men played the part of spies in the interest of Ch'in, and in B.C. 629, one of them, called Chi-tse, sent word that he was in charge of one of the gates, and if an army were sent to surprise the capital, Cheng might be added to the territories of Ch'in. The marquis known in history as duke Mu laid the matter before his counsellors. The most experienced of them Pai-li Hsi and Chien-shu were against taking advantage of the proposed treacher; but the marquis listened rather to the promptings of ambition; and the next year he sent a large force, under his three ablest commanders, hoping to find Cheng unprepared for any resistance. The attempt, hwoever, failed; and the army, on it sway back to Ch'in, was attacked by the forces of Chin, and sustained a terrible defeat. It was nearly annihilated, and the three commanders were taken prisoners.
"The marquis of Chin was intending to put these captives to death, but finally sent them to Ch'in, that duke Mu might himself sacrifice them to his anger for their want of success. Mu, however, did no such thing. He went from his capital to meet the disgraced generals, and comforted them, saying that the blame of their defeat was due to himself, who had refused to listen to the advice of his wise counsellors. Then also, it is said, he made the speech here preserved for the benefit of all his ministers, describing the good and the bad minister, and the different issues of listening to them, and deploring how he had himself foolishly rejected the advice of his aged counsellors, and followed that of new men; ‹ a thing which he would never do again."
(Book of Chou, XXX.)
The duke said, "Ah! my officers, listen to me without noise. I solemnly announce to you the most important of all sayings, (It is this which) the ancients have said, "Thus it is with all people, ‹ they mostly love their ease. In reproving others there is no difficulty, but to receive reproof, and allow it to have free course, ‹ this is difficult." The sorrow of my heart is, that the days and months have passed away, and it is not likely they will come again (so that I might pursue a different course).
'There were my old counsellors. ‹ I said, "They will not accommodate themselves to me," and I hated them. There were my new counsellors, and I would for the time give my confidence to them. So indeed it was with me; but hereafter I will take advice from the men of yellow hair, and then I shall be free from error. That good old officer! ‹ his strength is exhausted, but I would rather have him (as my counselor). That dashing brave officer! ‹ his shooting and charioteering are faultless, but I would rather not wish to have him. As to men of quibbles, skillful at cunning words, and able to make the good man change his purposes, what have I to tdo to make much use of them?
'I have deeply thought and concluded. ‹ Let me have but one resolute minister, plain and sincere, without other ability, but having a straightforward mind, and possessed of generosity, regarding the talents of others as if he himself possessed them; and when he finds accomplished and sage men, loving them in his heart more than his mouth expresses, really showing himself able to bear them: ‹ such a minister would be able to preserve my descendants and people, and would indeed be a giver of benefits.
'But if (the minister), when he finds men of ability, be jealous and hates them; if, when he finds accomplished and sage men, he oppose them and does not allow their advancement, showing himself really not able to bear them: ‹ such a man will not be able to protect my descendants and people; and will he not be a dangerous man?
'The decline and fall of a state may arise from one man. The glory and tranquillity of a state may also arise from the goodness of one man.'
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Text source: Shu Ching, The Book of History. Translated by James Legge
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